Gautama Buddha/ru: Difference between revisions

Здесь, на протяяжении почти шести лет Гаутама практиковал суровую аскезу, которая, по его собственным словам, описана в "Маджхима Никае":  

Однажды Суджата, дочь деревенского жителя, накормила его густым рисом на молоке — “блюдом столь чудесным... что наш Господь почувствовал, как к нему возвращаются сила и жизнь, будто ночи бодрствования и дни поста прошли во сне”.<ref>Edwin Arnold, ''The Light of Asia'' (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1930), p. 96.</ref> А затем он в одиночестве отправился к дереву Бо (сокращение от "бодхи", или "просветления") в место, которое теперь называется Будх-Гайя, или Бодх-Гайя, где он поклялся оставаться до тех пор, пока не получит полного просветления. Поэтому оно стало известно как "Неподвижное место".  

At the age of eighty, Gautama became seriously ill and almost died, but revived himself, thinking it was not right to die without preparing his disciples. By sheer determination, he recovered and instructed [[Ananda]], his cousin and close disciple, that the order should live by making themselves an island—by becoming their own refuge and making the ''Dhamma'' their island, their refuge forever.  

After announcing that he would die in three months, he traveled through several villages and then stayed with Cunda, the goldsmith, one of his devoted followers. According to generally accepted tradition, Cunda invited Gautama to partake of ''sukara-maddava''—a dish he had prepared unknowingly with poisoned mushrooms. After the meal, Gautama became violently ill, but bore his pain without complaint.  

His only concern was to console Cunda, who might feel responsible for his death. And thus, he compassionately asked Ananda to tell Cunda that of all the meals he had eaten, only two stood out as special blessings—one was the meal served by Sujata before his enlightenment, and the other was the food from Cunda which opened the gates to his [[transition]].  

Following the passing of Gautama, Buddhism began to develop in two major directions, leading to the establishment of the Hinayana (“little vehicle”) and the Mahayana (“great vehicle”) schools of Buddhism, from which many further subgroups evolved.  

Adherents of the Hinayana school believe their teachings represent the original Buddhist doctrine taught by Gautama, and therefore refer to their path as the Theravada, or “Way of the Elders.”

The traditional Theravadin outlook centers around the monastic way of life and emphasizes the necessity for self-sacrifice and individual enlightenment in order to help others. Their goal is to become an [[arhat]]—perfected disciple—and enter [[Nirvana]].  

The Mahayanists, who believe that the Theravadins’ strict observance of precepts departs from the true spirit of the Buddha, concentrate more on emulating the Buddha’s life, stressing good works and compassion toward others in the process of gaining enlightenment. The Theravadins, however, claim that the Mahayanists have polluted the pure stream of Gautama’s teaching by incorporating more liberal doctrines and interpretations.   

The Mahayanists consider their school to be the “greater vehicle,” as it provides more for the layman. Their ideal is to become a [[bodhisattva]]—one who attains Nirvana but voluntarily returns to the world to assist others in obtaining the same goal.

== Gautama’s work today ==

Gautama Buddha was the first initiate to serve under [[Sanat Kumara]], hence the one chosen to succeed him in the office of Lord of the World. On January 1, 1956, Sanat Kumara placed his [[mantle]] on Lord Gautama, whereupon the Chela par excellence of the Great Guru also became the hierarch of Shamballa.   

[[Tathagata]]